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The purpose
of estimating air consumption of cylinders is to find the required
horsepower of the compressor that is needed for the cylinders to
operate continuously, and may also be used to properly size valves,
fittings , and tubing requirements.
EXAMPLE: 4"
BORE CYLINDER 2" STROKE - Operating pressure 80 psig, 20 cycles
per minute.
The following
formula applies: R² x 3.14 x stroke length
R = The
radius of the bore (in this case it's 2); 2² x 3.14 x 2 = 25.12
cubic inches
1 cubic
foot = 1728 cubic inches; divide 25.12 by 1728 = .0145 cubic feet
You need
to then find the compression factor. This will give you the actual
cubic feet at pressure.
Assume that
we are at sea level (14.7 psia) Formula:
Gauge pressure + 14.7 / 14.7 = compression factor
In our
example: 80+14.7= 94.7; 94.7/14.7 = 6.44
Multiply
compression factor by cubic feet = actual cubic feet at pressure
.0145 x 6.44 = .09 ft³
Multiply
ft³ x 2 for a double acting cylinder (extend and retract).
.09 x 2 = .18 ft³ per cycle
Multiply
number of cycles per minute to give you cubic feet per minute: 18
x 20 = 3.6 cfm @ 80 psig
As a rule
of thumb for estimation purposes 1 HP = 4 cfm @ 100 psig. So, for
this example, to operate correctly we would need an air compressor
with a minimum of 1 horsepower.
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