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How
to determine the right-sized cylinder for your job
Specifying
the right cylinder for the right job results in better and longer
cylinder performance. And that means lower overall operating costs.
Proper
cylinder size selection begins by calculating 1) the weight of the
load, 2) the required velocity, and 3) the air pressure used. Let's
take a closer look at each of these three factors.
Weight
of the load: This is set by the machine design. In order to
move the load, you'll obviously need a cylinder that provides force
greater than the load. We recommend allowing an additional factor
of 25% force over the load to compensate for friction.
Velocity:
Velocity is also usually set by machine design, but there's usually
some latitude within a range. Low speeds (up to 4 in/sec) require
25% more force than the load, moderate speeds (4 to 16 in/sec) about
50% more and high speeds (greater than 16 in/sec) about twice as
much.
Air
pressure: You need consistent air flow at the minimum effective
pressure to maintain the desired velocity. Operating the cylinder
at too high a pressure accelerates seal wear and creates stress
on the cylinder. Inconsistent pressure can cause system malfunction
or failure.
Next
you'll need to determine bore size. Let's look at an example
assuming a maximum load of 100 lbs, a minimum velocity of 8 in/sec
and a minimum pressure of 60 psi. The velocity is moderate, but
the force should be about 50% greater than the load, or 150 lbs.
Dividing the force (150) by the pressure (60) gives you a power
factor of 2.5. A 2" bore cylinder, with a power factor of 3.1,
provides the needed force.
You'll
also have to consider stroke length, spring force and overall dimensions
of the space. But this is only the start. If you'd like the
full story on proper cylinder sizing and selection, contact Fred
Heimall at fheimall@knottsco.com
or call (908) 464-4800 x236.
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